Animal Medical Center-Cairo, Georgia: "We offer loving, gentle hands to care for your pets"

CAT FIGHTS!

   You've probably heard the yowling of cats fighting, usually at night. Sounds terrible! And it is! Four paws with claws can send a lot of fur flying!

   We see LOTS of cats that have been in fights and get abscesses. The small puncture wounds close quickly, trapping bacteria under the skin. These bacteria multiply and cause the cat to run a fever, feel bad, and develop a swollen area where the infection is pocketed. This abscess needs to be opened up to drain (best done under anesthesia so the kitty feels no discomfort). Flushing the wounds and antibiotics afterwards will aid healing.

   In addition to the obvious wounds, cat fights can result in the spread of very dangerous viruses from one cat to another. Feline Leukemia and FIV viruses are much like the AIDS virus in humans. There is no cure once these viruses take hold. They are preventable if you vaccinate ahead of time, so please do!

   How to prevent fights: Spay and neuter your cats! Hormones are the number one cause of fighting. If at all possible, keep your cats indoors. Preventing a fight is much healthier than treating injuries and battling infections.

MEDICATING YOUR PET

Veterinary medical care gets better & better all the time. But, appropriate medication won't do your pet any good if it doesn't go down and stay down!

Most pets don't like to have pills pushed down their throat, so try to find something to hide the tablet in and make it a treat. We have the best success using cheese (especially the canned cheese); most dogs and cats love it. But, some are too smart for their own good and eat the cheese and leave the pill! You can also try hiding pills in flavored Pill Pockets, bread, peanut butter, marshmallows, or hot dogs. There are certain pharmacies that can custom compound many medications into liquids or topical creams.

Cats can be especially fussy about taking pills, and are notorious for spitting a pill up, even if it looks like they swallowed it. Have a syringe with a spoonful or so of water handy, and give that immediately after the pill to be sure it goes all the way down. Pet pillers are rubber tipped devices that can help you get the pill past teeth, and to the back of the mouth. Ask your vet for help if you need it. We want treatments to be successful!

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WEANING PUPPIES & KITTENS

Puppies and kittens are best left with their mothers for at least 6-7 weeks; 8 is even better. There are certain developmental changes that happen early in life, and if the little guys are separated too soon, it can have lasting effects.

Nutritionally, mother's milk is best. Around 4 weeks or so, start offering soft foods to puppies or kittens. This will help take some burden off mother. To start, add milk to either canned or dry puppy or kitten food, so the flavor is familiar. Put it in a shallow pan, and expect a messy crew as they figure things out! Over a few weeks time, use less milk (water instead). By the time they are ready to leave home, they should be well adjusted to their new diets and it will lessen the stress of leaving home.

Equally important are the social skills that puppies and kittens learn during this critical time. They are learning how to be dogs and cats! How to play appropriately, and read each other's body language. Little ones that are weaned too soon often have problems relating to others of their own kind, such as aggression or timidness. Also, the very young may not be strong enough to handle the stress of separation and a new environment.

Don't be in a hurry to remove puppies and kittens too soon. Time spent with Mama and littermates is time well spent.

WHY DOES MY PET NEED SO MANY SHOTS?

Good question! Puppies and kittens need a series of vaccinations, beginning around 6 weeks of age. For puppies, the most important are parvo and distemper immunizations, which come in combination with other less common but equally important components. For kittens, we vaccinate for upper respiratory viruses, distemper, Feline Leukemia and FIV viruses (which are in the same family as the human AIDS virus). Rabies vaccinations are required by law for all cats & dogs. The range of symptoms for these diseases is anywhere from discomfort, to sickness, to death.

Just like infants and toddlers, puppies' and kittens' immune systems develop over time. Boosters are given every 2-3 weeks to ensure that they are covered during this fragile period. As adults, boosters are given once yearly. Why as often as that? Because our pets age much more quickly than we do, including their immune systems. Antibody levels drop over time, and a pet can be left vulnerable if boosters are not provided.

We're really quite fortunate that research has provided us with vaccinations that are safe, effective, and readily available. The effort and investment you make to protect your pet from preventable diseases is one of the best things you can do for your friend.

FLEAS, MOSQUITOES & TICKS, OH MY!

Here in the South, we never really get a break from parasites, like fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes. They can go from bad to worse as the weather warms up. So, brace yourself! And, prepare.

Each pest can carry important diseases in addition to causing discomfort and blood loss from the bite itself. Mosquitoes carry heartworms to dogs & cats, and several very dangerous viruses to horses (West Nile and Encephalomyelitis, or "sleeping sickness"). Georgia is having an outbreak of West Nile presently.

We can stay indoors, wear protective clothing, etc., but our livestock cannot and so are continually exposed. Sprays can help repel mosquitoes; keeping your environment as mosquito-unfriendly as possible will also help. Minimize standing water by eliminating any containers that can hold rain water and provide breeding areas for the pests. Try to create good drainage for puddle-prone areas. As for fleas & ticks, there are a multitude of products that will help keep your pet parasite-free. Topicals and tablets for daily or monthly use will have your pet singing "There aint no bugs on me!"

Who hasn't known that awful feeling, when your pet leaves home and does not return? Knowing your pet may be injured (being hit by a car is the most frequent injury we treat), in a fight with another animal, or fall victim to any number of other hazards can be scary.

Dogs roam because of hormones (if not neutered), curiosity (what's around the corner? what's that interesting smell?), hunting instincts, hunger, or just boredom. For whatever the reason, they are in danger when running loose. So what can you do? Leashes work great, but you have to use them EVERY time your pet goes out of the house. There are all kinds of fences available that make safe and secure enclosures, and they will also keep other dogs out of your yard. If you have a large area, or don't want to invest in regular fencing, an underground fence system will be more economical, and is an effective way to keep your pet at home.

If the worst happens, and your dog is gone for a day or more, give your nearby veterinary hospitals and animal shelter a description and photo of your dog, along with your phone number. Microchipping your pet ahead of time will also help get him back home to you if lost. Keep an ID tag on his or her collar all the time, too. If only your furry friend knew "there's no place like home".

Heartworms in Cats

Most people know about heartworms in dogs, but did you know that cats are also affected by these life-threatening parasites? It's true. A mosquito carries heartworm larvae from one animal to another as it feeds. Outdoor cats are at greater risk, but indoor cats can be infected, also. It only takes one mosquito, and who hasn't been bothered by a mosquito in their house?

As the larva migrate and mature in the cat, they cause a great deal of inflamation, especially in the lungs. "HARD", or Heartworm Associated Respiratory Disease is the result, and is no fun for the kitty. Coughing and asthma-like symptoms are often the result, and some cats will die from the disease. Diagnostic testing is different than in the dog, and so is treatment. But, as with dogs, giving a monthly preventative is a safe and effective way to protect your pet from these nasty worms. See your vet for more information and help. Keep your kitty heartworm free!

Pet foods. There are a million choices. Canned or dry? Brand name or economy? Vegetarian or meat-based? Don't get overwhelmed; just keep a few simple points in mind and you'll be able to make good choices for your pet.

Canned vs. dry. Each has advantages & disadvantages. And, each pet may have its own preferences. In general, dry foods are more convenient since they do not spoil as quickly when left out. Also, they give your pet an opportunity to crunch on something, and that's good for healthy teeth & gums. But, canned or moist foods tend to be more enticing, so if your pet is finicky, you may need to buy these. There's nothing wrong with that, but your pet will need its teeth cleaned more often.

Keep in mind that dogs and cats are carnivores by nature. Their systems are geared to digest primarily meat diets. A vegetarian diet might be healthy for other animals, but not dogs & cats. Some vegetables can be good; they just shouldn't make up the majority of the diet. By the same account, many foods we can eat can be dangerous for pets. Don't feed chocolate, onions, grapes, raisins, or foods high in fats (french fries, chicken skins...) to pets.

Feeding raw meats likewise is not a good idea. Bacteria multiply quickly in raw meat, and parasites may also be present and infect your pet. Cooking the food kills the germs and worms and makes for a healthier diet.

Cheaper pet foods are cheaper for a reason. Generally, these manufacturers use more vegetable sources and bulky fillers as ingredients, or lower quality ingredients. You get what you pay for. If you want to promote your pet's health, it's very worthwhile to pay a little more for quality food. Often, higher priced foods are actually a better value since they use less filler, therefore, you don't have to feed as much yet your pet still gets what he needs. Eating less means pooping less, too, so that makes clean-up duties easier.

So, now that you know what to feed your pet, how much should you feed? Most bags of food have a weight chart that will give you guidelines on how much to feed, according to the size of your dog or cat. This is a starting point. Since each individual has different needs and metabolic rates, you'll need to adjust this amount of food up or down, according to your pet's weight. You should be able to feel your pets' ribs, but not see them.

We all know the dangers of obesity in humans; it's the same for pets. Have a designated measuring cup and make sure everyone in the family who feeds the pets is consistent with how much they give. Limit treats and snacks; don't even start feeding from the table.

Puppies need to be fed several times a day; all he or she will clean up in 10 minutes is a good place to start. By the time he's an adult, once daily is just right for dogs. Cats, on the other hand, are nibblers and eat small amounts often. Free choice works well as long as they don't have a weight problem.

Feeding the right food, in the proper amount, will go a long way toward keeping your pet happy & healthy!

NEW YEAR'S RESOLUTIONS

How 'bout those New Year resolutions? If your pet could talk, what do you think he would ask you to change? He would probably ask for more time with you, most likely. Dogs are social creatures by nature, and crave the company of other dogs and/or people. Vigorous walking is a great way to keep the bond with your dog strong, and you'll both get all the benefits of exercising. Weight loss, better all around health, fresh air (they LOVE all those interesting smells!), and opportunities to socialize with others are just some of the payoffs. And, who didn't eat too much this holiday season?

How about Obedience Class? Here's another good way to spend quality time with your pet. An hour's worth of instruction and meeting with a group, and a little time each day to practice new skills during the week, and before you know it, you have a Champion! Or at least an even better good buddy. A new class is getting together starting Saturday, January 5th, at Animal Medical Center. Call if you'd like more information. In the meantime, spend a few more minutes a day with someone who will love you for it!

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RINGWORM

Ringworm may not be at the top of your list of Interesting Topics, but if you or your pet get a case of it, you'll appreciate knowing what's going on.

Despite the name, ringworm is not actually a worm. It is a fungus, like athlete's foot, that grows on the surface of the skin. As the fungus spreads out from its starting point, the active edge becomes inflamed, and looks like a ring. It may or may not be itchy. Scratching or even just contact may spread the germs to other areas, or other people or pets. If anyone in the household develops ringworm, it's wise to check everyone, and treat as needed.

There are several treatment options. Often topical salves are adequate. However, since pets often lick their coats, salves don't always do the job. Several medicated whole-body dips may work better. If, despite this, the ringworm does not disappear, or spreads, there are oral medications that are quite effective. However, they require at least 30-60 days to work, and do have some risk of liver toxicity.

Check your pets often; treat quickly, and you shouldn't have to worry much about this nuisance.

But, please remember- puppies and kittens are not stocking stuffers! Adding a pet to your family requires much forethought. There is a lot of responsibility tied to this addition, and when the "new" wears off, there will still be clean up duties, food & supplies to buy, medical care to provide, etc.

If you're considering giving a pet for Christmas, please sacrifice the fun of surprising the recipient and ask first! If the person is not ready for a lifetime of commitment, consider a different gift. If all systems are go, try to choose a pet appropriate for the home & family. Consider size, temperament, time available for the pet, and level of care required. For someone who's away a lot, a cat may be a better choice than a dog, as they are more independent.

Remember too that Christmas decorating and celebrating may bring some things into your home that could cause your pet some danger given the right (or wrong...) circumstances.

A beautiful tree decorated with lights and sparkly, dangly things may be very attractive to curious, playful cats and puppes, especially. They may chew on wires and get shocked, or play with and ingest ornaments. Tinsel is especially hazardous because once they get it in their mouth they may swallow, and once it starts down, the whole piece follows. It can cause serious GI problems. Don't leave pets unsupervised when these hazards are present.

Chocolate is an ESSENTIAL for us (in my opinion), but toxic to pets. Keep out of their reach! (Which means more for us). Poinsettias are beautiful, but also toxic. Mistletoe likewise can make an animal very sick if ingested. You know what they say about cats and curiosity.

So, remember the reason we celebrate this special season, keep your pets safe, and enjoy!

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SELECTING A PUPPY

    Adding a puppy to your family can be a fun experience. To help your new addition fit into your home, it's worthwhile to put some forethought into the process.

   Do you have room for a big dog? Labs are almost always good family dogs, with lots of play drive and desire to please. But, they do tend to be destructive indoors, so crate training and a fenced yard are musts. Do you like high energy? Terrier breeds like Jack Russells can be lots of fun as long as you provide a good outlet for all that energy! Want something that makes you look good? The long-haired breeds can be quite elegant, if you keep them groomed nicely.  Ask an expert what breed they think would best fit your lifestyle.

   Don't want to go through house training & teething? Maybe an adult dog would suit you better. Many animal shelters have dogs in foster homes, and their foster families can tell you a lot about the dogs in their care.

   Have a favorite breed? There are countless breed rescue groups on-line. It's not hard to find lots of dogs that are in need of new homes.

   If you don't have to have a purebred, visit your local animal shelter and save a life.  There are lots of puppies and adult dogs in need of homes. How do you choose the right one? It can be so hard, with all those sad eyes looking at you! But, a good choice made now will pay off with many years of companionship and love.

   Ask the people at the shelter about individuals you're interested in. They have worked with many animals, and can usually tell you something about the temperament of ones they have. Maybe you can even learn something about how and why the animal landed there. Often times adult dogs wind up at shelters due to behavioral problems. Some problems you may be able to work with, some may be more than you can handle. The more you know, the better.

   Try to choose a healthy puppy. One that comes forward to greet you, eagerly, with tail wagging and happy, clear eyes. Fearful puppies may tug at your heart, but often need special care and training to help overcome socialization issues. Ask to take the one you like best aside. See if it follows you readily, and how it responds to being handled and restrained. A dog that makes good eye contact, and seems eager to have your attention will usually be easier to train and adjust to your family. When you make your choice, welcome your new pet into your home and your life! You've just become much richer.

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INTRODUCING A NEW PET

    So you've found a new pet, and will be taking it home for the first time. To make the transition as easy as possible, remember that your new dog or cat is going through a lot of stress and changes and will need some TLC and time to adjust. Introduce it to it's food and water bowl area, sleeping crate, and exit door right away.

   If you have other pets at home already, have someone else leash them, or put them in a place where they can see and meet the newbie without risk of someone getting injured if a rumble erupts. There can be some issues of territoriality when a new pet, especially a cat, enters and established social structure. Time and controlled introductions usually will overcome any of this, so don't rush things.  With cats, it's good to keep a closed door between them. The gap underneath is enough room so that they can peek at and smell each other, and get used to each other bit by bit.

   Try not to overdo with too many new things right away.  A quiet day or two is a good thing, so wait before bringing friends and family all around to meet the newcomer, especially if he or she is a little anxious. Supervise small children, especially, when introducing new animals. Some pets may not be used to the differences in the ways little kids move (quickly!) or sound. Almost always, with patience and care, a new pet will fit right in in no time!

    Pets are living longer these days, with better health care and excellent nutrition available to all. Cats especially have shown an increase in their life expectancy. Since 1930, the average life span has risen from eight to 16 years. The oldest cat on record, at least in modern days, died in 1939 at age 36! The oldest cat we have seen at my office passed away peacefully at the age of 25.

   Everyone asks how old their pets are in "dog years" or "cat years". Since both dogs & cats can reproduce before they are a year old, their first year of life is equal to about 15 human years. Each year thereafter is about 5 years for cats. For dogs, however, the "years" depend a lot on the breed of dog. Larger breeds tend to have shorter life spans. No one is sure just why. So, the range is more or less 4-8 "human years" for each "dog year". There are charts that factor in your dog's size and real age, and give you an idea of how old they are compared to us.

   Taking good care of your pets can add many years to their lives. Vets and other pet care experts are happy to partner with you to help find ways to keep your furry friend healthy and happy.

The loss of a pet can be just like losing a family member. The grief that follows can be very real and quite painful. Support from friends and family can help a grieving person through the difficult days. Time will eventually heal the wound of loss, but nothing can make time pass more quickly. When all the normal stages of grief (sometimes including anger, denial, placing blame) have been worked through in a healthy way, acceptance will follow. Fond memories of when the beloved was alive and well can help put the sorrow in perspective. Saving a lock of hair, or planting a tree in memorium can help.

If someone is having a very difficult time grieving the loss of a pet, there are specially trained grief counselors who can help. Many are veterinary students and their mentors, who have a special heart for caring. Ask your vet if you need help during the difficult times. And, try to remember the good. No matter how long your pet was part of your life, it gave the unique gift of its loyalty and love, and that's priceless.

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Hot, dry weather can really take a toll on outdoor animals. Livestock needs a consistent supply of fresh water. Relying on ponds can become a problem when ponds dry up or become stagnant. Excessive dust can create respiratory problems. Sprinkling heavy traffic areas will help. Horse hooves can become brittle & crack easily if some extra moisture is not provided. Letting your water trough overflow a little, and painting hooves with moisturizers will help.

For dogs kept outdoors, be sure to have a water supply that cannot be accidentally tipped over. A kiddie pool (the hard plastic kind) can provide relief from the hot sun. If natural shade is not available, set up a roof or tarp.

If we ever do get any rain, expect mosquitoes! They can carry heartworms to dogs & cats, and several dangerous viruses to horses, so be ready with some insect repellent & use as needed. Fans in barns can help keep biting insects away, also. Keep outdoor dogs & cats on heartworm preventative, and keep horses vaccinated.

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TRAINING TIPS

Dogs don't speak English, but they can learn simple words & phrases if you do it right. The keys to successful training are consistency- use the same command every time. Practice, practice, practice. Make commands short & simple- "sit", versus "would you please sit down?". Keep the command positive- "sit" versus "don't jump up on me". Praise and reward your pet for doing well, and either correct or ignore misbehaviors, depending on the nature of the transgression. (Any aggressive or dangerous behaviors must be corrected immediately). Keep practice sessions short & fun.

If you & your pet enjoy the basic obedience work, you can move up to agility training, search & rescue work, or do pet therapy in hospitals or nursing homes. Whether you go further with training or not, your pet and all the people she interacts with will benefit from her good manners.

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   Obesity in pets causes the same kinds of problems that it causes for people- arthritis, more burden on the heart and other vital organs, inactivity (which leads to more obesity...), etc. The cause of obesity is as simple as taking in more calories than are expended. These excess calories are stored by the body as fat. Unfortunately, the solution, although simple (use up more calories than you take in!), is not always easy!!!   To burn up calories, exercise your pet. Use common sense; start off slowly and build up gradually. To take in less calories, feed less, and/or feed lower calorie foods.

   Our pets cannot go to the store and buy food! They can't open a can!  WE control how much our pets eat, so if a pet is overweight, it's the owner's fault.  So, tighten up and learn to limit their intake.  Give low calorie treats (try ice chips). Switch to a Lite diet, most of which are higher in fiber. This helps your pet feel full. Put them in another room when you eat to avoid caving in to those sad, begging eyes. Also, there is a new medication to help control appetite in dogs, called Selentrol. This may be helpful for those dogs who act hungry ALL the time. Ask your vet about it.

   Anything you can do to help your pet achieve & maintain its ideal weight will add healthful years to his life.

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SEPARATION ANXIETY

   Does your pet become overly anxious when you leave her home alone? Tear up furniture? Poop and pee on the floor?  If so, your pet may have Separation Anxiety. It's truly a problem, because they feel abandoned and that's scary. Fear can bring out these destructive behaviors, which can make an owner upset. This only adds to the pet's anxiety, especially if it is punished as soon as the owner comes home.

   This problem can truly be life threatening, as behavior problems are the number One reason pets are turned into animal shelters, and most of those animals end up euthanized. Fortunately, in most cases, the problem can be treated. Two things, used together, are effective in about 75% of the dogs treated. With behavior modification (both yours and your pet's behaviors), anti-anxiety medication, patience, and time, your pet can learn how to be less fearful and more independent when you have to be away. Ask an animal care expert for help, and keep your pet with you for life!

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Pets can be an important and fun part of our families. Each deserves care, attention, and its own special name! Choosing just the right name can be a challenge. Try to pick one that's easy to say, sounds distinctly different than anyone else in the family, and one that just sticks! You'll know it when you hear it. Since most commands (sit, come, stay) are one syllable, it will help your pet learn easier if you make his name two syllables.

Here are the top 20 names people are choosing for their dogs & cats this year, in order of popularity: Max, Molly, Maggie, Jake, Buddy, Bailey, Shadow, Sadie, Sam, Lucy, Daisy, Bear, Lady, Buster, Casey, Ginger, Lucky, Pepper, Rocky & Cody. Some of the most unusual we have heard at our office are Diddybite-ya, Herkimer, and Shyster. Whatever you choose, use it often when talking to your pet. Call her name, and give her a treat when you have her attention. She'll learn her name quickly.

Heartworms in cats? Yes, indeed, and they are a real threat to your kitty. As few as one or two adult heartworms can cause sudden death in cats.

In the past, diagnosis has been difficult, but new tests make detection simpler & economical. Unfortunately, treating heartworms in cats is much riskier than treating dogs, as cats are VERY sensitive to the medication that kills the adult heartworms. Your vet would need to discuss the pros and cons of treatment if the diagnosis is positive.

The good news is that feline heartworm disease is easy to prevent, either with a topical called Revolution or tablets given monthly. The cost is reasonable, and the benefit to your kitty is great.

TOO MANY HOMELESS

Too many puppies and kittens, as well as adult strays, wind up in animal shelters or roam loose. Some of these strays become dangerous to the public. Sadly, most live tragic lives shadowed by neglect. Parasites, malnutrition, diseases, and injuries are common. Many get hit by cars and suffer.

This bad situation is the result of animals being allowed to breed and reproduce. There just aren't enough caring homes for all of them. What's the answer? It's really quite simple. SPAY AND NEUTER YOUR PETS! Accidents do happen when hormones kick in. Having your pet sterilized prevents not only the problem of homeless animals, it also has many health benefits for your pet. And, makes him or her much better companion.

Halloween is a fun time for kids- the best of all is the CANDY! But, just like your kids, your pets can suffer if they eat too much, or eat the wrong thing. Be careful to keep all candy, especially chocolate, out of the reach of pets, both before and after the Big Night.

It's also a good idea to keep your pets inside during the Trick or Treat time. Lots of people out at night, in all those costumes, can be quite unnerving for dogs & cats. Some could get "spooked" and run off; others may feel they need to protect their families from the monsters & aliens, and could become aggressive.

Sadly, I've heard of some hard-core Halloweeners who really get into the Dark Side, with real witchcraft & devil worship. Hopefully there isn't a lot of that going on in our small town, but I have heard of black cats being special targets of these crazies at Halloween. So, be especially careful to keep your black cats inside & safe!

Lots of people like to dress up their pets, and have great fun doing it. The pets seem to like it, too! Please be sure to use safe and comfortable materials, and don't make your pet wear something he or she is not happy about!

Dogs and people. Ordinarily, a wonderful combination that can provide mutual companionship & protection, health benefits, and unquestioning love. As most pet owners know, having a pet to share your life with is usually a very GOOD thing. Doctors have recognized many health benefits of pet ownership in their patients.

But, sometimes pets create problems for people. Vicious dogs, particularly, are a special group that need special handling. Protecting the public will require several things. First, a clear and fair definition of a "vicious" dog. To lump all members of one breed as vicious & ignore other problem dogs of a different breed is easy, but foolish. There needs to be a standard that considers the dog's individual history, temperament, and liklihood of biting unprovoked. Owners of these dogs must comply with whatever rules are necessary to protect others.

Better still is owner education. Having a vicious dog is not a sign of machisimo. If you want to be a tough guy, put on the boxing gloves yourself. Needing to have a vicious dog to boost an ego, or provoking dogs to fight each other for human entertainment is a poor reflection on the mentality of our species.

With everyone taking summer vacations, this is a good time to share some advice on what to do with your pet when you travel. Best case scenario- take him or her with you, if they are good travelers! You'll have to check ahead to find pet-friendly places. Take a crate & toys with you, so that your pet feels secure and you don't have to worry about destructive behaviors when traveling or unattended. It's ideal to use the crate at home beforehand, so your pet is familiar with it and comfortable staying inside. Pets are much more sensitive to flavors and smells than we are, and sometimes will not drink water away from home, so you may want to take a supply he or she is used to.

Consider having your pet microchipped, if not already done. It's important for everyone, but especially important for pets who leave home to travel or board. It is not unusual for a pet to slip out of a vehicle unnoticed. A microchip will help get your pet back home to you.

If taking your pet with you isn't an option, you may be able to find a pet sitter to come to your home and care for your pal. Check references; be sure to leave instructions on feeding, any medications, special needs, and phone numbers to call in case of emergency (yours and your vet's). Be sure the pet sitter will be at your home AT LEAST twice a day for dogs; more if your pet cannot let itself outside when needed. Coming once a day is usually enough for cats. Taking your pet to someone else's home, where everything is strange and fencing may not be adequate is a bad idea. We know of many instances when pets were left at someone else's home, and got loose and ran away. Sometimes they remain lost; sometimes they are injured while running free. Very scary.

If neither of the above options are workable, another choice you have is boarding. Shop around well before your trip, so you can make a good decision on where your pet would be most comfortable and safe. Places where pets are allowed to co-mingle, or have nose-to-nose contact through fences with other pets invite the spread of contagious diseases & parasites. Good boarding facilities have barriers between each animal, and require that ALL pets be current on vaccinations for contagious illnesses. This just makes sense. Be sure the boarding facility is clean, hazard-free, and climate controlled. Ask if you can bring your pet's own bedding and special bowls or toys; this will help them feel at home.

Enjoy your vacation- you earned it! Don't waste time & energy worrying about your pet while you are away. A little planning ahead will insure a pleasant time for all.
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Broken bones are a fairly common & serious injury in pets, especially those who roam and can get hit by a car. A fracture requires professional care, so get help if your pet has been hurt.

Sudden, sharp pain, swelling, a change in the size, shape or length of a limb, the sound of bones rubbing together when moving, or the inability to bear weight are all signs of probable fractures. A leg that appears to be dangling is certainly broken. There will likely be other injuries present at the same time, and shock is a common and life-threatening after-effect.

A fracture may exist even if you can't feel a break. "Greenstick" fractures are incomplete breaks. A "simple" fracture is a complete break, with the skin intact. "Communuted" fractures are more complicated and involve multiple fracture lines and pieces of bone. A "compound" fracture is one where the bone has broken through the skin. This is quite serious, as there will be more bleeding, and much greater risk of infection.

So, if your pet has been injured, and you suspect a broken bone, what do you do next? First of all, make sure that you do not get hurt yourself while helping your pet. Painful injuries can cause confusion in any animal, and they may bite at anything within reach. A simple muzzle can be made with any kind of rope, sash, leash or whatever that is at least 3 feet long. Make one loop in the center of the rope. Hold one end of the rope in each hand, and guide the loop over the dog's muzzle. Quickly snug the rope, so the loop tightens, and then bring the two ends down and underneath the muzzle. Cross them, then bring them behind the neck and tie securely. It's good to practice on your pet beforehand, so you are ready if the need arises.

If there is severe bleeding, find something clean (washcloth, baby diaper...) and place it over the wound & apply direct pressure. Bandage snugly if possible.

Next, find a way to move your pet. A flat board is ideal, but if there isn't one available, a sheet or blanket can make a pretty good stretcher. With small pets, it's often good to bundle them in a big blanket to move. Transport your pet to the nearest available vet, and give all the information you can about its injury.

The doctor will treat for shock first if needed, clean the wounds, and do radiographs. What comes next will depend on the type & extent of the injuries.

I'm often asked why we charge "so much" for our spay and neuter surgeries, when there are places that offer the same surgery for discounted prices. It's a good question, and I respect everyone's need to be careful with their hard-earned dollars. Here are some things that you need to consider when choosing a place to have your pet's medical needs taken care of.

Not every hospital is the same. Some offer quality, personalized care, and others offer services for low prices. As with most everything in life, you can't have both, and you almost always get what you pay for. Questions you need to ask are things like- will my pet be checked by a doctor before going under anesthesia? Will he be monitored while asleep? Will someone be checking while he recovers? Will he be kept in a clean, dry place, separate from other dogs or cats that could have infectious diseases (like parvo, kennel cough, or distemper)? Do they require that all pets be up-to-date on their vaccinations? If the answer to any of these questions is "No", you have to weigh whether or not your pet is worth the little bit extra cost of having services done in a place where these practices are standard.

Another good "measuring stick" of care is whether or not pre-anesthetic bloodwork is available and recommended for pets having surgery. It's just good medicine to know your pet's health status prior to surgery, and a great deal can be learned from blood testing.

So- assembly line surgery, or personal care? The difference in price is almost always worth the difference in care, especially when you consider the many years of love and companionship that your pet gives you. A good thought is "Good Medicine is not Cheap, and Cheap Medicine is not Good". As true for our pets as for ourselves.

We can't say often enough how important it is to spay and neuter pets, both for their benefit and to help with the animal population problem. Often we get responses from owners that reflect misunderstandings about the procedure and the benefits neutering. Such as:

"She should have one litter first to settle her down". Pregnancy, delivery, and raising puppies & kittens do use up a lot of energy, but there are much healthier ways to do this! Regular exercise and behavior training are much better for your pet. Most pets settle down as they mature, regardless of whether or not they have raised litters.

"I want my children to see the miracle of birth". Chances are, your pet will have its puppies or kittens in a secretive area, or at a time when children are asleep or at school. Birth truly is a miracle; buy a video or DVD, or watch Animal Planet instead!

"Spaying & neutering makes pets fat & lazy". Surgery doesn't make pets fat; feeding too much and not exercising enough makes pets fat. It's true that the activities that come with seeking a mate, breeding & raising babies uses up a lot of calories. After surgery, you simply need to adjust your pet's calorie intake to match its needs, based on its weight.

"I hate to take my male's 'manhood" away, or deny my female the right to have her own family". Pets do not have the same bonding or emotional complexities that humans have. Reproducing is hormone driven, without the pet understanding the consequences of its behaviors. Almost never do litters stay together as families.

"Spaying & neutering costs to much". Actually, these surgeries are priced very reasonably. Consider that similar surgeries in humans cost thousands of dollars; in pets, it's a fraction of that. In the long run, you will save money because there will be less risk of injuries associated with roaming, less risk of certain cancers, and of course, no expense for raising puppies & kittens.

"My pet could die during surgery". As with any surgery, there are risks. But, spaying & neutering are the most commonly done surgeries in any vet hospital, so the doctors are certain to have plenty of expertise! Advances in medications and equipment make this a very, very low risk for your pet. Less risk than pregnancy.

If you have any other concerns or questions about having your pet neutered, please get in touch and we will be happy to help you. We truly believe in the importance & value of this surgery.

Last time, we gave five important tips to help you take good care of your special companion. There’s lots to know! Here are five more nuggets of advice that will help keep your buddy happy and healthy.

4. Ask your vet what to watch for so you can recognize early signs of illness, and when a problem is an emergency. Call your vet promptly when a problem arises, and follow directions carefully.

5. Work with your vet to establish and maintain your pet’s health program. Your pet can suffer from ailments also common to people, such as cancer, heart, kidney and eye problems. Through proper life care, your pet can enjoy a longer & happier life.

1. Develop a partnership with a veterinarian and practice staff, including discussing details of pet ownership before you get a new pet.

2. Select your pet wisely, based on your lifestyle, schedule & budget, as well as the animal’s expected physical and behavioral characteristics. Long-haired breeds will have grooming needs also.

3. Ask your vet about developing a complete plan for your pet’s total life care. This will include regular physical exams, proper vaccinations tailored to your pet’s particular needs, parasite control, yearround housing, nutritional needs, and reproductive options. Your vet is happy to provide additional information to help you better understand your pet and its needs; just ask.

4. Provide the right food (choose a good brand name). Consider your pet’s age, nutritional needs, and any special health requirements. Remember, table scraps put unnecessary weight on a pet, can make it sick, and often spoil the pet so he or she does not eat a balanced diet.

5. Provide your pet with fresh water at all times. Clean and change the bowl daily.

With all the Holiday cheer, this is a good time to remind everyone of some ways to keep this joyous occasion safe for your pets. Many of our traditional holiday treats and decorations can be quite harmful to pets, so please keep them in mind no matter how busy things get!

Chocolate (vitamin C in my book!) contains some compounds that can be harmful to pets. The caffeine-like ingredients can cause a dog's heart to speed up or the rhythm to become abnormal. The darker the chocolate, the more concentrated these ingredients are. One square of Bakers Chocolate can be fatal to a small dog.

Mistletoe and Poinsettias are also toxic if chewed or swallowed. Keep them out of reach!
Holiday feasts can be the best part of the season, but overeating can be as bad for animals as it is for us!

Christmas trees, with all the decorations and lights are also an attractive hazard for pets. Avoid tinsel; if it becomes a toy for a curious cat, it may be swallowed inadvertantly and cause a serious GI problem. You may want to leave the bottom part of the tree bare, and keep the ornaments out of reach if you have small, curious pets. Your dog or cat may think you brought this tree in just for them! And, try to climb it or do what animals often do to trees outdoors! Beware. Also make sure that any electrical wires are covered to avoid a shocking experience.

A few simple precautions, and your entire family should have a happy and safe holiday.
Merry Christmas to all!

We have a client who had reason to ask that we pass along this information on antifreeze poisoning. Unfortunately, this fairly common household compound is highly toxic. At the same time, it has an attractive, sweet smell that makes it doubly dangerous. It only takes a teaspoon to kill a cat or small dog.

The ethylene glycol in most antifreeze formulas damages the kidneys, and death can result when they are damaged severely. Symptoms can be hard to interpret, but could include lethargy, vomiting, drinking excessive amounts of water yet being dehydrated, eventually coma and possibly death. Early treatment can save a life, if the cause of the pet's illness is known or diagnosed soon enough, and if the damage is not already beyond repair.

So, to protect your pet from this risk, keep this and all dangerous chemicals stored safely. Check often for any signs of radiator leakage from your vehicle, and clean up any spills right away. Be vigilant when servicing your car, and do not leave antifreeze where pets can get to it. If you suspect your pet has ingested antifreeze, take him or her to your vet right away, with the container that the antifreeze came in. This will help the doctor with treatment, and give your pet the best chances for recovery. As always, an ounce of prevention is worth MORE than a pound of cure.

It's been said many times, but is worth repeating- do NOT leave pets (or children!) in cars when the sun is bright, even if you crack open the windows or park in the shade. The inside temperature sky-rockets quickly, and these guys can't let themselves out or call for help! Make other plans for your pet while you are shopping or running errands. Also, be sure that outdoor pets always have access to shade and clean water. I keep the hose running slowly in our outdoor water bucket so the water is always fresh and cool.

Parvo- the very word strikes fear in the heart of many pet owners. It is a very contagious virus that causes vomiting and bloody diarrhea in dogs. It is often fatal, especially in puppies. We recently saw a bulldog puppy, not even 6 weeks old, bought at a flea market in Albany. Sadly, the puppy had gotten sick soon after her new owners brought her home, and parvo was the cause. For one thing, puppies this age should be with their littermates and mother. It's important that they learn canine social skills at this age, and have the benefit of their mother's milk. Seven weeks old is the youngest they should be weaned, and 8 weeks is even better. Premature weaning can cause stress and other problems. Florida regulates the sale of puppies, and requires health papers; Georgia does not. It's up to a buyer to be careful. Another problem this puppy had was that someone had cropped her ears at least a week earlier! This someone was not a veterinarian, and the surgery was sloppy to say the least. The blood loss sustained was yet another stress that may have made her more suseptible to infections. Surgery of this kind without anesthesia or sutures is cruel and abusive.
Because this puppy was ill at 5 1/2 weeks old, it's safe to say that it's mother was not current on her own vaccinations. If she were, she would have given protection to the puppy that would have carried her through this critical time. This puppy was totally vulnerable at the time she was exposed, and, sadly, the owners could not afford the intensive care often needed to save patients from this dangerous disease.
Sorry this is such a downer of a case, but some valuable points need to be made. First, don't support breeders who wean puppies too early! Also, please, please report anything you see that appears to be animal abuse or neglect. There are people who care, who will do their best to stop these practices. Our pets cannot speak for themselves; it is our responsibility to see that they are cared for. Also, prevent diseases like Parvo by vaccinating your pets. Your veterinarian is trained and equipped to help you provide the best of care for your friend.

It's been said that we live in the "Allergy Capital" of the world, and from what I see among our patients, it seems that it may be true! Pets can have allergies just like we do, but they respond primarily with itchy skin. The pattern of itchiness can reveal a lot about what the patient is allergic to.
Pets can be allergic to an almost endless list of things- any ingredient in their diet, environmental allergens (like pollens and molds), fleas, contact irritants, and even humans!!! Multiple allergies are common.
There are two approaches to allergy control- treating symptoms, or treating the cause. A simple blood test can be done to determine the sources of your pet's allergies. If you can eliminate at least a few problem allergens, you can do much to relieve your pet's misery because often they can cope with a fewer number of allergens. There are usually some that you can't eliminate entirely (like pine trees or such). You can do your pal a huge favor by finding out just what is causing the allergies and making some changes.
Antigen shots can be formulated for your particular pet's needs, and given on a schedule, just like with humans, to reduce the effects of the allergen. This takes some dedication, but is fairly simple to learn if you're game.
Symptoms can sometimes be controlled with antihistamines. If not, cortisone is effective, but does carry some side effects that need careful consideration.
So, if your pet is driving you nuts by licking, chewing & scratching non-stop, imagine how he feels! They can't tell us how uncomfortable they are, but they sure can say Thank You when we get them relief!

Many animals can adapt to the cold, but most of our pets cannot handle sub-freezing temperatures without some help! Best of all, keep them indoors, especially at night. For those pets who cannot come in, it is essential to provide them with a warm, dry shelter. Heating pads and heat lamps are great, but can pose a fire or electrical hazard, so be very careful to cover exposed cords and keep flamables far away. Heavy bedding is important, and so is a barrier from wind and wet. Lots of "clothes" for pets are available, and can be fun fashion statements. If you don't have time to shop for your pet, you can improvise with tube socks (cut 4 holes for legs!) on the little guys, and even an appropriately sized sweatshirt on bigger guys. A sweatshirt sleeve also works well for small dogs. The cuff makes a sporty turtleneck. They will appreciate it!
When adding antifreeze to your vehicle, be absolutely sure to clean up any spills. Just a spoonful can be deadly to curious pets who lick it up.
Horses do quite well in the cold, as long as they don't get wet and chilled. Their special needs include shelter from wind and rain, and a source of water that does not ice over. Horses seem more prone to colic during cold snaps, in part because they do not drink as much as they normally would, and also because they are transitioning from green grass to dry, more fibrous hay. Impactions are common, and can be both painful & dangerous. Heaters are available that will float in your water trough. Also, maintaining body heat burns up additional calories, so be sure to up the rations accordingly.
Many of our Christmas decorations can be hazardous for curious pets. Especially chocolate- Fido has just as hard a time leaving them alone as I do! But chocolate can be toxic to pets, so keep it out of reach. Poinsettias and mistletoe are toxic if eaten, so out-of-reach with them, too. Our Christmas lights are tempting electrical hazards, so be careful there, also! Keep things safe; sit back and enjoy family & friends of all species.
We hope you all have a safe and joyous Holiday Season!

At the risk of being repetitious, I need to remind everyone of the importance of Rabies vaccinations in their pets. It is required by law, for dogs and cats, and is simply common sense. Not many diseases can go from animals to humans with a 100% mortality rate (that means DEATH), but rabies is one of them. A simple vaccine is protective, if given prior to exposure.
We recently had a call from a woman who had wanted to befriend a stray cat. Unfortunately, the cat bit her when she tried to pick it up. Even more unfortunately, the cat's body was "disposed of" and could not be recovered. The woman was left with little choice but to go through the series of multiple shots required to protect her, in case the cat had rabies. The post-exposure treatment protocol is no fun, and costly. (A total of 6 shots, one of which is large, costing $1300-1400). Had she not called and gotten advice from us and Animal Control, she may have been at risk of death.
The morals of this story are to have your own pets vaccinated, and report any neighborhood animals who have not been immunized. Animal Control will take it from there. Do not force your attentions on a stray animal; better still, avoid contact. Also, in the event of a bite from an animal whose medical history is unknown, seek medical care for yourself, and find a way to contain that animal so that Animal Control can have it tested. Brain tissue is needed, so if your only means to prevent the animal's escape is to shoot it, do not shoot it in the head.
I appreciate people who want to help animals, believe me. But you have to use some discretion on which ones and how you go about helping. Your own safety is a priority. Call for advice or assistance if you want to aid an animal in need.

Roaming dogs can threaten your pet's life. It's natural for them to fight over territory or food, and hormones certainly complicate things! What can you do about it? Well, your part would be to provide a safe place for your pet, where strays cannot get to it. Indoors is best if possible. Leashes when outdoors can be lifesavers! A secure fence that keeps your dog in and others out is an excellent investment. Report any strays to Animal Control at 377-3070, and they can come pick them up for you. Spaying or neutering your own pet also diminishes its motivation to stray and get involved in, shall we say, unhealthy activities.

The death of a pet can be a very traumatic time, and the sadness surrounding the event can make it hard to deal with decisions that arise. It's good to think ahead, even if it's a little uncomfortable to do so. One decision that must be addressed is what to do with the pet's body after death. If you have a place to do so at home, burial is an option. At the hospital here, we have two acres and can bury pets in an unmarked grave. Cremation is also available, and ashes can be returned if you wish to have a reminder of your beloved pet close by. I hope that by explaining these options now will help soften the time of grief.

While the Coalition for Uniting Pets & Families sorts out the dilemma of European microchips being used in America, where our scanners do not read them, we recommend the use of AVID brand microchips. Our scanner, as well as the one at Animal Control, reads them and the alternate American chip (Home Again). Both American microchip systems are good, and can well mean the difference between getting your pet back again, or having it sit (or even worse...) at an animal shelter.

We see lots and lots of precious puppies and kittens who have recently become new members of various families. Our well-patient visits include a physical exam, deworming, and vaccinations. Often problems are found (anything from ear mites to heart murmurs to fleas, and even behavioral problems) that need attention and will benefit from care.

The vaccinations we give provide protection from many dangerous (some fatal) diseases. Deworming can literally save lives as many puppies & kittens are so burdened that they succumb from anemia and GI problems if overwhelmed by parasites. So what's so interesting about this? you may ask. What continues to amaze me is how much good we can do for a pet with these relatively simple procedures. Decades of research and tons of money have been invested in the pursuit of these new, safe, and effective vaccines and medications that improve the quality of your pets' lives, and yours at the same time. The cost of this care is a great value for protecting your furry friend. "Saving" money by skipping health care during this critical time often means paying more to correct a serious (& preventable) problem later, or, worse still, possibly losing your pet to illness. We're here to help.

Pet breeding is a lot of work, but can be fun if you have purebred, healthy animals. Be sure there are enough people who want your puppies and will give them good homes BEFORE you breed. Otherwise, spaying and neutering are definitely the way to go. If you decide to breed your dog, choose its mate carefully. Temperament, conformation (build), and many medical problems are hereditary. Registration papers are your guarantee that a dog is purebred, and will help foretell how its puppies will turn out as adults.

Prior to breeding, make sure your dog is in the best of health. Immunizations need to be current, and will provide protection for the puppies during their early, critical weeks. Any parasite problems need to be resolved before breeding. A good quality diet and prenatal vitamins will help insure the healthiest litter possible.

A female dog is in heat for about two weeks. She is ready to breed and is fertile during the second week. It’s usually best to take the female to the male’s home environment, if possible. Males are usually more territorial, and distracted by new sights & smells, so being at home will help him focus on the job at hand!

I don’t normally recommend keeping halters on horses, but if yours are kept in pastures with vulnerable fences, it would be a good idea. Falling trees often land on fences, and can allow livestock to escape. Having a halter on will make their return home easier. I also have dog ID tags (with my phone number) made for the horses, and attached to the halters just in case

It's still hot! It's still muggy! Our furry friends still need relief from the heat this time of year. Another idea I can add to our previous tips for outdoor pets is to leave the hose running very slowly in a water bucket that your pet can access. The running water will be relatively cooler, and lots of dogs like to play in the overflow. Just be sure to put in where the excess water will not be a problem.
During times when you have your pet with you, and cannot avoid an errand where you have to leave him or her in the car (better to leave him at home, if possible) another idea is to leave the vehicle running, with the A/C on. This will only help for a limited time, so don't do this if you will be gone for over 10 minutes or so. Of course, you will have to have another key so you can lock the doors and still get back in again yourself! You must NOT do this if there is any way your pet could reach and possibly bump the gear shift. "Clean up on Aisle 5- an SUV just came thru the building..." would make for a very bad day.

Vaccine is now available to help prevent fatalities from rattlesnake bites in dogs. The vaccine is given twice within a 2-3 week period, then boostered once a week. The aim of the treatment is to help minimize the dog's reaction to the venom, which can cause swelling, pain, and death.

This vaccine also has some degree of effeectiveness against copperheads, but, unfortunately, does not protect from water moccasin bites. Hopefully, it will be improved in the future, but for now, that's it.

As always, an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure, so, better still, avoid the risk of snake bite if at all possible. Keep vegetation mowed very short (snakes prefer cover), keep your dog on a leash while outdoors, and seek medical help immediately in the case of a bite from a poisonous snake. Your car keys are your best guard against death, in the event of a bite. Get to an emergency hospital as soon as possible!

This summer heat can be as hard on our pets as ourselves. It's worth reminding everyone NEVER to leave their pets in closed cars; temperatures can skyrocket and cause heat stroke and death within a matter of minutes. Plan your errands accordingly. "This will just take a minute..." are sometimes the last words that pets hear.
Outside pets need to have plenty of clean, fresh water available at all times. Be sure water dishes are stable or secured so that they cannot be tipped over accidentally. Shade is essential. A fan, if it can be plugged in safely, would be much appreciated by many pets! My horses love theirs. A kiddie pool is also a great way for dogs to chill out. The rigid plastic kind are inexpensive and will last several summers. For a pet with a heavy coat, a summer haircut is a great way to keep cooler and look sporty at the same time.

There is an e-mail circulating about Swiffer Wetjet solution being toxic to the liver of pets, and causing the death of one German Shepherd and possibly two cats. This e-mail is a hoax, so don't lose any sleep over cleaning your floor. The information contained in this email is simply false. It points a finger at an ingredient in the solution that is "one molecule away from antifreeze". One molecule away can make all the difference in the world when it comes to chemistry. Carbon dioxide makes up much of our atmosphere, and we breathe it (harmlessly) all the time; it is but one molecule away from carbon monoxide, which is deadly. The ingredient they mention in the Swiffer solution is propylene glycol, which is a common carrier in many medications & solutions. It may be similar structurally to ethelene glycol (the toxic ingredient in antifreeze) but is not toxic itself. The amount that would rub off on feet after a floor is dry is nearly zero. Additionally, antifreeze is toxic to kidneys; the dog & two cats in the article had liver failure.

There are many causes of liver failure (infection, cancer, toxins, etc.), and many sources of possible toxins. For example, one adult Tylenol will kill a cat. It is sad that these pets died, but these deaths cannot be objectively blamed on the Swiffer solution.

There is a consumer group who checks out many of the stories and legends that circulate, and either confirms their authenticity, or reveals a tall tale. Go to www.snopes.com for information on the Swiffer hoax & many others.
Of course, it's good practice to always keep chemicals and medications of any kind out of the reach of both children and pets. Curious animals are much like toddlers and cannot tell the difference between something safe and something potentially dangerous. But I don't believe you have any cause to worry about letting your pet walk on clean, dry floors.


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